Major Cities of Sicily
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Latest page update: 24 February 2025
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By: Dion Protani
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The major cities of Sicily start with the island region's capital of Palermo which has a population of around 640,000. There are nine provinces of Sicily, each one named after the major city within it.
Catania is the second city of Sicily and capital of the eponymous province. Its population of just under 300,000 puts it ahead of Messina which faces Calabria across the narrow Messina Strait. In terms of tourism, the city of Syracuse is the equal of anything in Sicily while Ragusa and Trapani also offer their own charms. Enna, Agrigento and Caltanissetta are the remaining provincial capitals. |
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Palermo, the vibrant capital of Sicily, is located on the island’s northwest coast along the Tyrrhenian Sea. Known for its rich history, diverse architecture, and lively culture, the city reflects a fusion of Arab, Norman, Byzantine, and Baroque influences.
Key landmarks include the Palatine Chapel, renowned for its dazzling mosaics, and the Norman Palace, a UNESCO World Heritage site. The Palermo Cathedral showcases a blend of architectural styles, while the Teatro Massimo stands as Italy’s largest opera house. Palermo’s bustling markets, such as Ballarò and Vucciria, offer a glimpse into local life. Founded by the Phoenicians, the city flourished under various rulers. |
Palermo Port
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Catania, a vibrant city on Sicily’s eastern coast, lies at the foot of Mount Etna, Europe’s highest active volcano. Its history dates back to ancient Greek colonization in the 8th century BCE and reflects a legacy shaped by Roman, Byzantine, Arab, and Norman influences.
The city is renowned for its striking Baroque architecture, much of it rebuilt after the 1693 earthquake. Highlights include Piazza del Duomo, featuring the iconic Elephant Fountain and the stunning Catania Cathedral. The Teatro Romano and Odeon showcase its Roman heritage, while Via Etnea offers views of Mount Etna alongside shops and cafes. Catania’s rich culture and dynamic atmosphere embody the spirit of Sicily. |
Fontana dell'Elefante, Catania
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Syracuse, a historic city on Sicily’s southeastern coast, is renowned for its rich ancient heritage and stunning coastal beauty. Founded by Greek colonists in 734 BCE, it became a powerful city-state and a center of culture and learning, home to the famed mathematician Archimedes. The city’s highlights include the archaeological site of Neapolis, featuring the Greek Theatre, Roman Amphitheatre, and the Ear of Dionysius, a unique limestone cave.
The island of Ortigia, the city’s historical heart, boasts baroque churches, narrow streets, and the stunning Syracuse Cathedral, built atop an ancient Greek temple. Syracuse’s blend of history, architecture, and Mediterranean charm makes it a jewel of Sicily. |
Lungomare Ortigia, Syracuse
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Messina, a historic port city in northeastern Sicily, sits strategically along the Strait of Messina, separating the island from mainland Italy. With roots dating back to Greek colonization in the 8th century BCE, Messina has a storied history shaped by its role as a vital maritime hub.
The city is renowned for its impressive Cathedral of Messina, featuring a magnificent astronomical clock, one of the largest in the world. Other highlights include the Fountain of Orion and the Church of the Santissima Annunziata dei Catalani, showcasing Norman and Arab influences. Despite challenges like the 1908 earthquake, Messina retains its cultural vibrancy. |
Fontana di Nettuno, Messina
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Trapani, a coastal city in western Sicily, is known for its stunning location on a crescent-shaped coastline by the Tyrrhenian Sea.
Historically a Phoenician trading port, it later flourished under Carthaginian, Roman, and Norman rule, leaving a legacy of cultural and architectural treasures. Key sights include the picturesque old town, the Cathedral of San Lorenzo with its baroque charm, and the Torre di Ligny, a historic watchtower now housing a museum. Nearby, the ancient hilltop town of Erice offers breathtaking views and medieval streets. Trapani is famous for its salt pans, and as a gateway to the Aegadian Islands and the Zingaro Nature Reserve. |
Lungomare Dante Alighieri, Trapani
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Enna, located in the heart of Sicily, is the island's highest provincial capital, perched atop a plateau offering sweeping views of the surrounding countryside. Known as the "Belvedere of Sicily," Enna boasts a rich history dating back to ancient times, with ties to the Sicels, Greeks, Romans, and Normans.
Its prominent landmarks include the Castello di Lombardia, one of the largest and most well-preserved medieval castles in Sicily, and the Duomo di Enna, an impressive cathedral blending Gothic and Baroque styles. Nearby, the ancient sanctuary of Demeter at Rocca di Cerere reflects its significance in Greek mythology. Enna’s historical charm and vistas make it a hidden gem of Sicily. |
Enna
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Ragusa, a picturesque city in southeastern Sicily, is celebrated for its stunning Baroque architecture and rich history. Perched on a hill divided into two sections, Ragusa Superiore and Ragusa Ibla, the city was rebuilt after the devastating 1693 earthquake.
Ragusa Ibla, the older district, is a treasure trove of Baroque masterpieces, including the Cathedral of San Giorgio, with its ornate facade and elegant dome, and the beautifully landscaped Giardino Ibleo. Ragusa Superiore features modern amenities and the impressive Cathedral of San Giovanni Battista. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Ragusa is a blend of history, art, and Sicilian charm, making it a captivating destination for visitors. |
Ragusa Ibla
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Agrigento, located on Sicily’s southern coast, is renowned for its rich ancient history and stunning archaeological treasures. Founded by Greek settlers in 580 BCE, the city flourished as Akragas, a major cultural and economic center of Magna Graecia.
Its most famous landmark is the Valley of the Temples, a UNESCO World Heritage Site featuring remarkably preserved Greek temples, such as the Temple of Concordia and the Temple of Juno. The city’s historic center offers charming streets, the 11th-century Cathedral of San Gerlando, and sweeping views of the Mediterranean. |
Agrigento Train Station
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Caltanissetta, located in the heart of Sicily, is a historic city surrounded by rolling hills and rich agricultural landscapes. Its roots trace back to ancient times, with influences from the Sicani, Greeks, Romans, and Arabs, who contributed to its cultural and architectural heritage.
Key landmarks include the imposing Pietrarossa Castle, offering panoramic views and a glimpse into medieval history, and the Cathedral of Santa Maria La Nova, adorned with frescoes. The nearby archaeological site of Sabucina provides insights into prehistoric settlements. Known for its traditional cuisine and relaxed atmosphere, Caltanissetta is full of charm and history. |
Piazza Garibaldi, Caltanissetta
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Marsala, a historic coastal city in western Sicily, is famed for its namesake wine and rich cultural heritage. Founded by the Phoenicians as Lilybaeum in the 4th century BCE, it later flourished under Roman, Arab, and Norman rule. The city’s old town features elegant piazzas, baroque churches, and the stunning Cathedral of Saint Thomas of Canterbury.
Visitors can explore the nearby Stagnone Lagoon, home to salt pans, windmills, and the island of Mozia, an important archaeological site with Phoenician remains. Marsala is also celebrated for its Marsala wine cellars, offering tastings of the region’s renowned fortified wines. |
Marsala
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